
Power Meter 750 63230-507-201A1
Appendix C—Instrument Transformer Wiring: Troubleshooting Guide 03/2007
© 2007 Schneider Electric All Rights Reserved52
A quick check for proper readings consists of kW comparisons (calculated
using the equation above and compared to the meter reading) and a
reasonable lagging 3-phase average power factor reading. If these checks
are okay, there is little reason to continue to check for wiring problems.
SECTION II: COMMON PROBLEMS FOR
3-WIRE AND 4-WIRE SYSTEMS
SECTION III: 3-WIRE SYSTEM
TROUBLESHOOTING
Table C– 1: Section II—Case A
Symptoms: 3-Wire and 4-Wire Possible Causes
• Zero amps
• Zero kW, kVAR, kVA
• CT secondaries shorted
• Less than 2% load on power meter based on CT ratio
Example: with 100/5 CT's, at least 2A must flow through CT window for power
meter to “wake up”
Table C– 2: Section II—Case B
Symptoms: 3-Wire and 4-Wire Possible Causes
• Negative kW of expected magnitude
• Positive kVAR
• Normal lagging power factor
• All three CT polarities backwards; could be CTs are physically mounted
with primary polarity mark toward the load instead of toward source or
secondary leads swapped
• All three PT polarities backwards; again, could be on primary or secondary
NOTE: Experience shows CTs are usually the problem.
Table C– 3: Section II—Case C
Symptoms: 3-Wire and 4-Wire Possible Causes
• Frequency is an abnormal value; may or may not be a
multiple of 60 Hz.
• PTs primary and/or secondary neutral common not grounded (values as
high as 275 Hz and as low as 10 Hz have been seen)
• System grounding problem at the power distribution transformer (such as
utility transformer), though this is not likely
Table C– 4: Section III—Case A
Symptoms: 3-Wire Possible Causes
• Currents and voltages approximately balanced
• kW = near 0
• kVAR = near 0
• PF can be any value, probably fluctuating
• CT secondary leads are swapped (A-phase lead on C-phase terminal and
vice versa)
• PT secondary leads are swapped (A-phase lead on C-phase terminal and
vice versa)
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